Below are some frequently asked questions about our Peptide Synthesis services. Should you have any questions other than listed below, feel free to contact us at peptide@premierbiochem.com and we will be happy to clear your thoughts.
1. What is the typical turnaround time for peptide synthesis at PremierBiochem?
The turnaround time may vary depending on the peptide length and complexity of synthesis. Our typical turnaround time is about 3 weeks. Currently, we are offering an Express Peptide Synthesis Service shipped in 7 days.
2. Why is the quantity of my peptide less than "x" mg/g?
When you receive your synthesized peptide, it is in the form of a lyophilized powder which is composed of the peptide material, counter ion and bound water. Therefore, when you request 1mg of a peptide, by the industry standard, you are placing an order for 1mg of lyophilized powder, so the net quantity of your target peptide will be a little less.
3. What is my peptide's purity? What does it refer to?
HPLC data provides information regarding the purity of the peptide i.e. it will tell you the percentage of your target peptide in relation to the peptide material only (NOT the entire lyophilized powder).
4. What is net peptide content? How do I obtain this data?
The net peptide content will tell you the percentage of the peptide material in relation to the entire lyophilized powder. Typically, the net peptide content is 60-90%. If more accuracy is required, the net peptide content can be obtained by Amino Acid Analysis (AAA) or Elemental Analysis (EA).
5. Do I choose Amino Acid Analysis (AAA) or Elemental Analysis (EA)?
AAA requires a small quantity of the peptide for analysis and is less accurate and cheaper to perform. EA requires larger quantities of the peptide for analysis and more accurate and costs a little more to perform. Generally if it is the net peptide content is important to know for your research, then it is better to use the more accurate, EA for your project.
6. How are peptides synthesized?
We have both manual and automated synthesizers.
7. How is the synthesis of the correct sequence assured?
We provide both MS and HPLC with all peptide synthesis to ensure the sequence is correct.
8. How are chromatographic conditions for each peptide selected?
We select a suitable gradient to test the peptide according to its property, generally with a change rate of 1%/min, running 30min.
9. How should I store and handle my synthesized peptides?
Peptides are shipped at room temperature, and are highly stable at lyophilized form in sealed bags. Peptides should not be kept in solution for long periods of time.
Peptide storage guidelines: For long-term storage, peptides should be stored in lyophilized form at -20°C, or preferably at -80°C with desiccant in sealed containers to minimize peptide degradation. Under these conditions, peptides can be stored for up to several years. This type of storage prevents bacterial degradation, oxidation, and the formation of secondary structures.
Opening the package: It is better to equilibrate the peptides to room temperature in a desiccator prior to opening and weighing. Failure to warm the peptides beforehand can cause condensation to form (peptides tend to be hygroscopic) on the product when the bottle is opened. This will reduce the stability of the peptides.
Before reconstitution, centrifuge the vial of lyophilized peptide at 12,000 x g for 20 seconds. This will help pellet the entire peptide sample for reconstitution.
Weighing peptides: Weigh out your required quantity of peptide rapidly and store all unused peptide at -20°C or below. Sequences that contain cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, asparagine, glutamine and N terminal glutamic acid will have a shorter shelf life than other peptides.
10. How should I dissolve peptides?
The solubility of a given peptide varies depending on its amino acid sequence and modifications. PremierBiochem purifies peptides by HPLC using a water and acetonitrile gradient.
Below are some general tips for dissolving peptides
● Sonication will increase solubility.
● Add 10% acetic acid to your solvent to help dissolve basic peptides.
● Add 10% ammonium bicarbonate to your solvent to help dissolve acidic peptides.
● For peptides with extremely low solubility in aqueous solutions, try adding organic solvents (such as DMSO, isopropanol, methanol, or acetonitrile) first. Once the peptides are completely dissolved, water may be gradually added until the desired concentration is obtained.
11. Which level of peptide purity should I select for my research?
Crude: Non-sensitive screening assays.
>70%: Non sensitive screening assays, exploratory or relative MS assays.
>80%: Non quantitative binding assays, ELISPOT assays, Polyclonal antibody production.
>90%: Post-translationally modified peptides for polyclonal antibody productions, receptor-ligand assays.
>95%: Quantitative Mass Spectrometry SRM/MRM assays, monoclonal antibodies, quantitative receptor-ligand assays, enzyme kinetics, cell/tissue culture, phosphorylation studies.
>98%: NMR, X-ray structural studies.
12. What salt form do standard peptides come in?
Peptides usually have TFA salts. If you require TFA removal, Acetate or hydrochloride is also available.
13. What is the minimum scale for one order (i.e. minimum order size)?
The minimum amount to be ordered is 1 mg. There is no maximum amount.
14. What is the advantage of capping the N and C termini of my peptide?
Capping imparts peptide sequences with more characteristics of native proteins. The N-terminus can be capped with an acetyl group and C-terminus with an amide group.
15. What are the advantages of PEGylation of peptides?
PEGylation is the process of adding Poly Ethylene Glycol polymer chains through covalent or non-covalent attachments. PEGylation effectively enhances the therapeutic properties of a peptide by masking it from the host's immune system, increasing its solubility (for hydrophobic drugs), and bioavailability. It can also prolong the half-life of peptides in the host circulatory system by reducing renal clearance.
16. Is a spacer required for fluorescent modification?
Usually, dyes such as biotin and FITC can be introduced either N-terminally or C-terminally. We recommend N-terminus modification for its higher success rate, shorter turnaround time, and ease of operation. Peptides are synthesized from the C-terminus to the N-terminus. N-terminus modification is the last step in the SPPS protocol. No more specific coupling steps are required. In contrast, the C-terminus modification requires additional steps and is usually more complex.
Most dyes are large aromatic molecules. The incorporation of such bulky molecules may help to avoid interactions between the label and the peptide. This will help maintain peptide conformation and biological activity. It is recommended that a flexible spacer such as Ahx (a 6 carbon linker) be included to render the fluorescent label more stable. Otherwise, FITC could easily link to a cysteine thiol moiety or the amino group of lysine at any position.
17. Can you aliquot my peptides?
Upon request, PremierBiochem can aliquot part or all of your order into smaller quantities for a minimum fee of $1 per tube. Aliquoted products are more expensive but may save you time, effort and money during the determination of peptide solubility.
Your peptides will also be more stable because they will not be exposed to as many freeze-thaw cycles, as many openings and closings of the container, mishandling, or bacterial contamination. Peptide oxidation, degradation, and aggregation are less prevalent in aliquoted samples.
Contact: PremierBiochem Co.,Ltd.
Phone: +86-17802183052
Tel: +86-17802183052
Add: Room 302, Building 28, No. 425 Qinli Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China